@prefix SchemaDefRequirement: .
@prefix xsd: .
@prefix Process: .
@prefix rdfs: .
@prefix CommandOutputBinding: .
@prefix ns2: .
@prefix ns1: .
@prefix NetworkAccess: .
@prefix FieldBase: .
@prefix EnvironmentDef: .
@prefix CommandLineTool: .
@prefix ExpressionTool: .
@prefix CommandLineBinding: .
@prefix EnvVarRequirement: .
@prefix DockerRequirement: .
@prefix Workflow: .
@prefix InlineJavascriptRequirement: .
@prefix sld: .
@prefix ToolTimeLimit: .
@prefix SecondaryFileSchema: .
@prefix rdf: .
@prefix WorkReuse: .
@prefix ScatterMethod: .
@prefix cwl: .
@prefix ResourceRequirement: .
rdfs:comment "Custom record type (SchemaDefRequirement) grouping dependent parameters." ;
rdfs:label "Search pattern + case sensitivity" ;
sld:type .
a cwl:CommandLineTool ;
rdfs:comment "Extracts all `.txt` reports from the checksum-verified tar.gz corpus\narchive. Demonstrates: baseCommand as an array (fixed leading arguments),\nResourceRequirement, array-of-File outputs via glob, and capturing the\ntool's own stdout as a log file.\n" ;
rdfs:label "Extract corpus archive" ;
ns1:original_cwlVersion "v1.2" ;
cwl:baseCommand ( "tar" "--extract" "--gzip" "--verbose" ) ;
cwl:cwlVersion cwl:v1.2 ;
cwl:hints [ a cwl:DockerRequirement ;
DockerRequirement:dockerPull "alpine:3.20"
] ;
cwl:inputs ;
cwl:outputs , ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:ResourceRequirement ;
ResourceRequirement:coresMin 1 ;
ResourceRequirement:outdirMin 512 ;
ResourceRequirement:ramMin 256 ;
ResourceRequirement:tmpdirMin 512
] ;
cwl:stdout "extraction.log" .
rdfs:label "Whether to attempt the (demo-only) webhook notification" ;
sld:default false ;
sld:type xsd:boolean .
rdfs:label "Total matches across the whole corpus" ;
cwl:outputSource ;
sld:type xsd:int .
rdfs:label "Not used directly - only read by the workflow step's sibling valueFrom" ;
sld:type [ sld:items xsd:string ;
sld:type sld:array
] .
cwl:source .
rdfs:label "Rendered summary (text or JSON, per output_format)" ;
sld:type xsd:string .
rdfs:label "Sum of all match counts" ;
sld:type xsd:int .
rdfs:label "Extract the corpus archive" ;
cwl:in ;
cwl:out , ;
cwl:run .
rdfs:comment "Directory whose contents are listed (not searched) for context." ;
rdfs:label "Reference materials directory" ;
sld:type cwl:Directory .
cwl:source .
cwl:source .
rdfs:label "Sum match counts and render the summary" ;
cwl:in , ;
cwl:out , ;
cwl:run .
a cwl:CommandLineTool ;
rdfs:comment "Gzips the persisted summary file. Only runs when the workflow step's\n`when` condition is true (see main-workflow.cwl). `total_matches` and\n`compress_threshold` are declared here with no `inputBinding` purely so\nthe workflow's `when` expression can read them - they never reach the\nactual command line. Demonstrates: ToolTimeLimit, WorkReuse, and\n\"control-only\" step inputs.\n" ;
rdfs:label "Compress the summary report" ;
ns1:original_cwlVersion "v1.2" ;
cwl:arguments ( "--keep" "--force" ) ;
cwl:baseCommand ( "gzip" ) ;
cwl:cwlVersion cwl:v1.2 ;
cwl:hints [ a cwl:DockerRequirement ;
DockerRequirement:dockerPull "alpine:3.20"
] ;
cwl:inputs , , ;
cwl:outputs ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:ResourceRequirement ;
ResourceRequirement:coresMin 1 ;
ResourceRequirement:ramMin 128 ;
ResourceRequirement:tmpdirMin 256
] ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:InitialWorkDirRequirement ;
cwl:listing "$(inputs.summary_file)"
] ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:WorkReuse ;
WorkReuse:enableReuse true
] ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:ToolTimeLimit ;
ToolTimeLimit:timelimit 60
] .
cwl:source .
rdfs:label "Checksum-verified corpus archive" ;
cwl:format ;
cwl:inputBinding [ CommandLineBinding:position 1 ;
CommandLineBinding:prefix "--file=" ;
CommandLineBinding:separate false
] ;
sld:type cwl:File .
rdfs:label "Reference materials directory" ;
sld:type cwl:Directory .
rdfs:label "Not passed on the command line - read only by the workflow's `when`" ;
sld:type xsd:boolean .
a cwl:CommandLineTool ;
rdfs:comment "Confirms the SHA-256 checksum of the corpus archive matches its\naccompanying `.sha256` sidecar file (declared via `secondaryFiles`) before\nextraction proceeds. On success it passes the *same* File object through as\n`verified_archive`, which the workflow uses to force a real data\ndependency (extraction only starts once verification has succeeded).\n\nDemonstrates: secondaryFiles, successCodes default (mismatch = real\nfailure), simple parameter references with array indexing\n(`secondaryFiles[0].path`, no InlineJavascriptRequirement needed), and an\n`outputEval` that passes an input straight through as an output.\n" ;
rdfs:label "Verify archive checksum" ;
ns1:original_cwlVersion "v1.2" ;
cwl:arguments ( [ CommandLineBinding:position 1 ;
cwl:valueFrom "set -e\nexpected=`cat \"$(inputs.archive.secondaryFiles[0].path)\"`\nactual=`sha256sum \"$(inputs.archive.path)\" | cut -d ' ' -f 1`\nif [ \"$expected\" != \"$actual\" ]; then\n echo \"Checksum mismatch: expected $expected, got $actual\" 1>&2\n exit 1\nfi\necho \"Checksum OK: $actual\"\n"
]
) ;
cwl:baseCommand ( "sh" "-c" ) ;
cwl:cwlVersion cwl:v1.2 ;
cwl:hints [ a cwl:DockerRequirement ;
DockerRequirement:dockerPull "alpine:3.20"
] ;
cwl:inputs ;
cwl:outputs , ;
cwl:stdout "checksum-verification.log" .
rdfs:label "Extracted text reports" ;
cwl:format ;
cwl:outputBinding [ CommandOutputBinding:glob
"*.txt" ] ;
sld:type [ sld:items cwl:File ;
sld:type sld:array
] .
rdfs:label "Search pattern + case sensitivity (custom record type)" ;
sld:type .
cwl:source .
cwl:source .
rdfs:label "Extracted text reports to search" ;
sld:type [ sld:items cwl:File ;
sld:type sld:array
] .
rdfs:comment "Controls how the aggregated summary is rendered. Using an enum instead of\na free-form string is a documented CWL best practice for fixed value sets.\nKept in its own external file, one type per file, per CWL User Guide best\npractice.\n" ;
sld:symbols , ;
sld:type sld:enum .
rdfs:label "tar --verbose output" ;
cwl:outputBinding [ CommandOutputBinding:glob
"extraction.log" ] ;
sld:type cwl:File .
rdfs:label "wget output (only produced if this step actually runs)" ;
cwl:outputBinding [ CommandOutputBinding:glob
"notification.log" ] ;
sld:type cwl:File .
a cwl:Workflow ;
rdfs:comment "End-to-end example workflow used to teach CWL concepts. It verifies and\nextracts a tar.gz text corpus, searches every extracted file for a\npattern (as a scattered sub-workflow), lists a reference directory,\nwrites and conditionally compresses a summary report, and (only if\nexplicitly requested) would send a webhook notification.\n\nSee diagrams/cwl-conceptual-overview.md and\npresentation/CWL-Example-Walkthrough.pptx for a guided explanation.\n" ;
rdfs:label "CWL Example - Text Corpus Search Pipeline" ;
ns1:original_cwlVersion "v1.2" ;
ns2:author [ a ns2:Person ;
ns2:name "CWL Example Maintainers"
] ;
ns2:dateCreated "2026-09-25" ;
ns2:license "https://spdx.org/licenses/Apache-2.0" ;
Process:intent ;
Workflow:steps , , , , , , ;
cwl:cwlVersion cwl:v1.2 ;
cwl:inputs , , , , , , ;
cwl:outputs , , , , , , ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:SchemaDefRequirement ;
SchemaDefRequirement:types ,
] ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:SubworkflowFeatureRequirement ] ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:InlineJavascriptRequirement ] ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:MultipleInputFeatureRequirement ] ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:StepInputExpressionRequirement ] .
rdfs:label "Names of every file found under reference_dir" ;
sld:type [ sld:items xsd:string ;
sld:type sld:array
] .
a cwl:ExpressionTool ;
rdfs:comment "Sums the scattered `match_count` outputs from search-tool.cwl and renders a\nhuman- or machine-readable summary string. Demonstrates: ExpressionTool\nwith array inputs, SchemaDefRequirement (enum custom type), and\nInlineJavascriptRequirement.expressionLib loaded from an external file via\n`$include`.\n" ;
rdfs:label "Aggregate per-file match counts into a summary" ;
ns1:original_cwlVersion "v1.2" ;
ExpressionTool:expression "${\n var total = 0;\n for (var i = 0; i < inputs.match_counts.length; i++) {\n total += inputs.match_counts[i];\n }\n return {\n \"total_matches\": total,\n \"summary\": renderSummary(total, inputs.match_counts, inputs.output_format)\n };\n}\n" ;
cwl:cwlVersion cwl:v1.2 ;
cwl:inputs , ;
cwl:outputs , ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:InlineJavascriptRequirement ;
InlineJavascriptRequirement:expressionLib
"/**\n * Shared JavaScript helpers loaded via InlineJavascriptRequirement.expressionLib\n * ($include) in example/steps/aggregate-results.cwl. Demonstrates keeping\n * reusable expression logic out of inline `$(...)`/`${...}` blocks, as\n * suggested in the CWL User Guide \"Expressions\" topic.\n */\n\nfunction pluralize(count, singular, plural) {\n return count === 1 ? singular : (plural || (singular + \"s\"));\n}\n\nfunction renderSummary(totalMatches, perFileCounts, outputFormat) {\n if (outputFormat === \"json\") {\n return JSON.stringify({\n total_matches: totalMatches,\n per_file_matches: perFileCounts\n });\n }\n return totalMatches + \" \" + pluralize(totalMatches, \"match\", \"matches\") +\n \" found across \" + perFileCounts.length + \" \" +\n pluralize(perFileCounts.length, \"file\") + \".\";\n}\n"
] ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:SchemaDefRequirement ;
SchemaDefRequirement:types
] .
cwl:source ;
cwl:valueFrom "$(self || \"CWL example pipeline completed\")" .
cwl:valueFrom "$(inputs.base_summary + \" Reference files available: \" + inputs.ref_names.join(\", \") + \".\")\n" .
rdfs:label "Persist the combined summary as a file" ;
cwl:in , , ;
cwl:out ;
cwl:run .
rdfs:label "Archive extraction log" ;
cwl:outputSource ;
sld:type cwl:File .
rdfs:label "Verification log" ;
cwl:outputBinding [ CommandOutputBinding:glob
"checksum-verification.log" ] ;
sld:type cwl:File .
rdfs:label "Search every text file (scattered)" ;
cwl:in , ;
cwl:out , ;
cwl:run ;
cwl:scatter ( ) ;
cwl:scatterMethod ScatterMethod:dotproduct .
cwl:source .
cwl:source .
rdfs:label "Search every extracted file (nested sub-workflow)" ;
cwl:in , , ;
cwl:out , , ;
cwl:run .
rdfs:label "Rendering mode for the summary (custom enum type)" ;
sld:type .
cwl:source .
rdfs:label "Same archive, checksum-verified" ;
cwl:format ;
cwl:outputBinding [ CommandOutputBinding:outputEval
"$(inputs.archive)" ] ;
sld:type cwl:File .
rdfs:label "Full summary text to persist" ;
sld:type xsd:string .
rdfs:label "Matching lines, one per line" ;
FieldBase:streamable true ;
cwl:format ;
cwl:outputBinding [ CommandOutputBinding:glob
"$(inputs.text_file.nameroot).matches.txt" ] ;
sld:type cwl:File .
rdfs:label "Message body for the (never actually called, by default) webhook" ;
cwl:inputBinding [ CommandLineBinding:position 2 ;
CommandLineBinding:prefix "--post-data=" ;
CommandLineBinding:separate false
] ;
sld:type xsd:string .
rdfs:comment "A tar.gz archive of .txt reports, with a .sha256 sidecar as a secondaryFile." ;
rdfs:label "Text corpus archive" ;
cwl:format ;
cwl:secondaryFiles [ SecondaryFileSchema:pattern ".sha256" ;
SecondaryFileSchema:required true
] ;
sld:type cwl:File .
a cwl:CommandLineTool ;
rdfs:comment "Materializes a runtime string (`summary_text`) into a real file using\nInitialWorkDirRequirement, then copies it to a stable output name.\nDemonstrates the \"Creating Files at Runtime\" pattern from the CWL User\nGuide: `entry: $(inputs.summary_text)` writes the parameter reference's\nvalue verbatim into `entryname`.\n" ;
rdfs:label "Persist the summary text as a file" ;
ns1:original_cwlVersion "v1.2" ;
cwl:baseCommand ( "cp" "summary.txt" "final-summary.txt" ) ;
cwl:cwlVersion cwl:v1.2 ;
cwl:hints [ a cwl:DockerRequirement ;
DockerRequirement:dockerPull "alpine:3.20"
] ;
cwl:inputs , , ;
cwl:outputs ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:InitialWorkDirRequirement ;
cwl:listing [ cwl:entry "$(inputs.summary_text)" ;
cwl:entryname "summary.txt"
]
] .
rdfs:label "Rendered summary text" ;
cwl:outputSource ;
sld:type xsd:string .
rdfs:comment "If omitted, notify-webhook.cwl falls back to its own default message\nvia the `self || \"...\"` pattern documented in the CWL User Guide\n\"Inputs\" topic (Inclusive and Exclusive Inputs).\n" ;
rdfs:label "Optional custom notification message" ;
sld:type xsd:string , sld:null .
rdfs:label "Placeholder webhook endpoint (never resolved in the default demo)" ;
cwl:inputBinding [ CommandLineBinding:position
3 ] ;
sld:default "https://example.invalid/notify" ;
sld:type xsd:string .
cwl:source .
rdfs:label "Per-file match counts from the scattered search step" ;
sld:type [ sld:items xsd:int ;
sld:type sld:array
] .
rdfs:label "List the reference directory" ;
cwl:in ;
cwl:out ;
cwl:run .
rdfs:label "Persisted summary report" ;
cwl:format ;
cwl:outputBinding [ CommandOutputBinding:glob
"final-summary.txt" ] ;
sld:type cwl:File .
rdfs:label "Not passed on the command line - read only by the workflow's `when`" ;
sld:type xsd:int .
a cwl:CommandLineTool ;
rdfs:comment "Illustrates NetworkAccess. Gated by `send_notification` (default false) at\nthe workflow-step level via `when` (see main-workflow.cwl), so with the\nbundled sample job this step is always skipped and no network call is ever\nattempted. `send_notification` is declared here with no `inputBinding`\npurely so the workflow's `when` expression can read it.\n" ;
rdfs:label "Send a demo-only webhook notification" ;
ns1:original_cwlVersion "v1.2" ;
cwl:arguments ( [ CommandLineBinding:position 1 ;
cwl:valueFrom "--quiet"
]
[ CommandLineBinding:position 1 ;
cwl:valueFrom "--output-document=-"
]
) ;
cwl:baseCommand ( "wget" ) ;
cwl:cwlVersion cwl:v1.2 ;
cwl:hints [ a cwl:DockerRequirement ;
DockerRequirement:dockerPull "alpine:3.20"
] ;
cwl:inputs , , ;
cwl:outputs ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:ResourceRequirement ;
ResourceRequirement:coresMin 1 ;
ResourceRequirement:ramMin 64
] ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:NetworkAccess ;
NetworkAccess:networkAccess true
] ;
cwl:stdout "notification.log" .
rdfs:label "Compress the summary if enough matches were found" ;
cwl:in , , ;
cwl:out ;
cwl:run ;
cwl:when "$(inputs.total_matches >= inputs.compress_threshold)" .
cwl:source .
cwl:source .
rdfs:label "Rendered summary (text or JSON)" ;
cwl:outputSource ;
sld:type xsd:string .
rdfs:label "Summary file to compress" ;
cwl:inputBinding [ CommandLineBinding:position
1 ] ;
sld:type cwl:File .
rdfs:label "Not passed on the command line - read only by the workflow's `when`" ;
sld:type xsd:int .
rdfs:label "Sum of all match counts" ;
cwl:outputSource ;
sld:type xsd:int .
cwl:source .
rdfs:label "Verify the corpus archive checksum" ;
cwl:in ;
cwl:out , ;
cwl:run .
rdfs:label "Summary rendering mode" ;
sld:default "text" ;
sld:type .
rdfs:label "Final report (compressed if the threshold was met, plain otherwise)" ;
cwl:outputSource , ;
cwl:pickValue "first_non_null" ;
sld:type cwl:File .
a cwl:CommandLineTool ;
rdfs:comment "Runs `grep` over a single input text file using parameters supplied as a\n`SearchParameters` record (custom type via SchemaDefRequirement). Writes\nmatches to a report file via shell redirection, then separately counts\nthem by loading the report's contents back with loadContents +\noutputEval. `grep` exits 1 when there are no matches, which is expected\n(not an error) here, so it is added to `successCodes`.\n\nDemonstrates: ShellCommandRequirement + shellQuote, EnvVarRequirement,\nSchemaDefRequirement (record + enum custom types), successCodes,\nstreamable, format, intent, and loadContents/outputEval.\n" ;
rdfs:label "Search a text file for a pattern" ;
ns1:original_cwlVersion "v1.2" ;
CommandLineTool:successCodes 1 , 0 ;
Process:intent ;
cwl:arguments ( [ CommandLineBinding:position 1 ;
cwl:valueFrom "-n"
]
[ CommandLineBinding:position 2 ;
cwl:valueFrom "$(inputs.search_parameters.case_insensitive ? \"-i\" : null)"
]
[ CommandLineBinding:position 3 ;
cwl:valueFrom "-e"
]
[ CommandLineBinding:position 4 ;
cwl:valueFrom "$(inputs.search_parameters.pattern)"
]
[ CommandLineBinding:position 6 ;
CommandLineBinding:shellQuote false ;
cwl:valueFrom ">"
]
[ CommandLineBinding:position 7 ;
CommandLineBinding:shellQuote false ;
cwl:valueFrom "$(inputs.text_file.nameroot).matches.txt"
]
) ;
cwl:baseCommand ( "grep" ) ;
cwl:cwlVersion cwl:v1.2 ;
cwl:hints [ a cwl:DockerRequirement ;
DockerRequirement:dockerPull "alpine:3.20"
] ;
cwl:inputs , ;
cwl:outputs , ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:ResourceRequirement ;
ResourceRequirement:coresMin 1 ;
ResourceRequirement:ramMin 128
] ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:InlineJavascriptRequirement ] ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:EnvVarRequirement ;
EnvVarRequirement:envDef [ EnvironmentDef:envName "LC_ALL" ;
EnvironmentDef:envValue "C"
]
] ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:ShellCommandRequirement ] ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:SchemaDefRequirement ;
SchemaDefRequirement:types
] .
rdfs:label "Not used directly - only read by the workflow step's sibling valueFrom" ;
sld:type xsd:string .
rdfs:label "Rendering mode for the summary (custom enum type)" ;
sld:type .
rdfs:label "Search pattern + case sensitivity (custom record type)" ;
sld:type .
rdfs:label "Checksum verification log" ;
cwl:outputSource ;
sld:type cwl:File .
rdfs:label "Gzip-compressed summary report" ;
cwl:format ;
cwl:outputBinding [ CommandOutputBinding:glob
"$(inputs.summary_file.basename).gz" ] ;
sld:type cwl:File .
a cwl:Workflow ;
rdfs:comment "Nested Workflow used as a single step of main-workflow.cwl (requires the\nparent to declare SubworkflowFeatureRequirement). Scatters search-tool.cwl\nover every extracted text file, then aggregates the per-file counts.\nDemonstrates: ScatterFeatureRequirement + scatterMethod, and a Workflow\nwhose own inputs/outputs use SchemaDefRequirement custom types.\n" ;
rdfs:label "Search sub-workflow (scatter + aggregate)" ;
ns1:original_cwlVersion "v1.2" ;
Workflow:steps , ;
cwl:cwlVersion cwl:v1.2 ;
cwl:inputs , , ;
cwl:outputs , , ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:ScatterFeatureRequirement ] ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:SchemaDefRequirement ;
SchemaDefRequirement:types ,
] .
rdfs:label "Names of files found under reference_dir" ;
cwl:outputSource ;
sld:type [ sld:items xsd:string ;
sld:type sld:array
] .
a cwl:ExpressionTool ;
rdfs:comment "Recursively lists the contents of the `reference_dir` Directory input and\nreturns the file names as a string array, without running any external\ncommand. Demonstrates: ExpressionTool, Directory input,\nLoadListingRequirement (deep_listing), and a multi-line `${...}` JS\nexpression with a helper function.\n" ;
rdfs:label "List reference directory contents" ;
ns1:original_cwlVersion "v1.2" ;
ExpressionTool:expression "${\n function collect(dir) {\n var names = [];\n for (var i = 0; i < dir.listing.length; i++) {\n var entry = dir.listing[i];\n if (entry.class === \"Directory\") {\n names = names.concat(collect(entry));\n } else {\n names.push(entry.basename);\n }\n }\n return names;\n }\n return { \"reference_file_names\": collect(inputs.reference_dir) };\n}\n" ;
cwl:cwlVersion cwl:v1.2 ;
cwl:inputs ;
cwl:outputs ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:LoadListingRequirement ;
cwl:loadListing "deep_listing"
] ;
cwl:requirements [ a cwl:InlineJavascriptRequirement ] .
rdfs:label "Text file to search" ;
FieldBase:streamable true ;
cwl:format ;
cwl:inputBinding [ CommandLineBinding:position
5 ] ;
sld:type cwl:File .
rdfs:label "One match report per corpus file" ;
cwl:outputSource ;
sld:type [ sld:items cwl:File ;
sld:type sld:array
] .
cwl:source .
rdfs:comment "Whether the search should ignore letter case." ;
sld:type xsd:boolean .
rdfs:label "Send the demo-only webhook notification" ;
cwl:in , ;
cwl:run ;
cwl:when "$(inputs.send_notification)" .
rdfs:label "Number of matching lines" ;
cwl:outputBinding [ CommandOutputBinding:glob "$(inputs.text_file.nameroot).matches.txt" ;
CommandOutputBinding:outputEval
"${\n var text = self[0].contents.trim();\n return text === \"\" ? 0 : text.split(\"\\n\").length;\n}\n" ;
cwl:loadContents true
] ;
sld:type xsd:int .
rdfs:label "Minimum total matches required to compress the summary" ;
sld:default 3 ;
sld:type xsd:int .
rdfs:comment "The .tar.gz archive to verify, with its .sha256 sidecar as a secondaryFile." ;
rdfs:label "Corpus archive" ;
cwl:format ;
cwl:secondaryFiles [ SecondaryFileSchema:pattern ".sha256" ;
SecondaryFileSchema:required true
] ;
sld:type cwl:File .
rdfs:comment "Regular expression (grep -E compatible) to search for in each text file." ;
sld:type xsd:string .
cwl:source .
rdfs:comment "Groups the two parameters that must always be provided together when\nrunning a text search step (demonstrates a \"dependent parameters\" record,\nas recommended in the CWL User Guide \"Inputs\" topic). Kept in its own\nexternal file, one type per file, per CWL User Guide best practice.\n" ;
sld:fields , ;
sld:type sld:record .
cwl:source .
rdfs:label "One match report per input text file" ;
cwl:outputSource ;
sld:type [ sld:items cwl:File ;
sld:type sld:array
] .